Table 1 Demographic distributions and geometric mean concentrations of urinary BTEX metabolites
| N (%) |
t,t-Muconic acid (μg/g Cr ± SE) |
Hippuric acid (g/g Cr ± SE) |
Mandelic acid (mg/g Cr ± SE) |
Phenylglyoxylic acid (mg/g Cr ± SE) |
Methylhippuric acid (mg/g Cr ± SE) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 893 (100) | 46.80 ± 2.48 | 0.25 ± 0.01 | 0.25 ± 0.01 | 0.26 ± 0.01 | 0.30 ± 0.27 |
| Age | ||||||
| 19–29 | 34 (3.8) | 38.72 ± 10.07 | 0.16 ± 0.07 | 0.21 ± 0.02 | 0.25 ± 0.04 | 0.23 ± 0.10 |
| 30–39 | 221 (24.7) | 51.92 ± 5.60 | 0.21 ± 0.01 | 0.23 ± 0.01 | 0.22 ± 0.01 | 0.31 ± 0.05 |
| 40–49 | 173 (19.4) | 51.73 ± 5.47 | 0.27 ± 0.03 | 0.25 ± 0.01 | 0.24 ± 0.01 | 0.27 ± 0.05 |
| 50–59 | 243 (27.2) | 46.49 ± 5.13 | 0.26 ± 0.02 | 0.26 ± 0.01 | 0.28 ± 0.01 | 0.31 ± 0.05 |
| 60–69 | 177 (19.8) | 38.66 ± 4.36 | 0.27 ± 0.02 | 0.28 ± 0.02 | 0.32 ± 0.02 | 0.34 ± 0.07 |
| ≥ 70 | 45 (5.0) | 48.49 ± 9.39 | 0.33 ± 0.04 | 0.26 ± 0.03 | 0.30 ± 0.02 | 0.29 ± 0.12 |
| p-value | 0.009 | <0.001 | 0.001 | <0.001 | 0.319 | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | ||||||
| < 25 | 580 (64.9) | 45.13 ± 3.00 | 0.25 ± 0.01 | 0.25 ± 0.01 | 0.26 ± 0.01 | 0.30 ± 0.03 |
| ≥ 25 | 313 (35.1) | 50.06 ± 4.37 | 0.24 ± 002 | 0.25 ± 0.01 | 0.28 ± 0.01 | 0.31 ± 0.04 |
| p-value | 0.094 | 0.462 | 0.936 | 0.090 | 0.631 | |
| Monthly household income (million won) | ||||||
| < 1.5 | 247 (27.7) | 46.68 ± 4.55 | 0.25 ± 0.02 | 0.26 ± 0.01 | 0.31 ± 0.01 | 0.27 ± 0.05 |
| 1.5–2.5 | 225 (25.2) | 44.68 ± 4.60 | 0.24 ± 0.02 | 0.25 ± 0.01 | 0.26 ± 0.01 | 0.33 ± 0.06 |
| 2.5–4 | 271 (30.3) | 51.11 ± 4.92 | 0.25 ± 0.02 | 0.25 ± 0.01 | 0.24 ± 0.01 | 0.30 ± 0.04 |
| ≥ 4 | 150 (16.8) | 42.97 ± 5.90 | 0.27 ± 0.02 | 0.25 ± 0.01 | 0.25 ± 0.01 | 0.32 ± 0.07 |
| p-value | 0.192 | 0.600 | 0.585 | <0.001 | 0.316 | |