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Table 4 Univariate analysis of the relationship between HOMA index and urine arsenobetaine

From: Association of arsenobetaine with beta-cell function assessed by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) in nondiabetic Koreans: data from the fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2008-2009

Urine arsenobetaine (μg/g_cr) Total Male Female
Number HOMA-β (%) p valuea Post hocb HOMA-IR p value Number HOMA-β (%) p value Post hoc HOMA-IR p value Number HOMA-β (%) p value HOMA-IR p value
1st quartile (Undetectable-16.36) 92 135.97 ± 68.01c <0.01 Reference 2.24 ± 1.00 0.41 35 143.74 ± 79.33 <0.01 Reference 2.50 ± 1.27 0.146 57 131.2 ± 60.29 0.064 2.09 ± 0.76 0.966
2nd quartile (16.91–70.70) 92 132.12 ± 60.6   1.000 2.04 ± 0.90   34 112.46 ± 49.85   0.146 1.99 ± 0.89   58 143.64 ± 63.7   2.08 ± 0.91  
3rd quartile (71.57–321.71) 92 110.76 ± 48.41   <0.05 2.05 ± 0.97   58 109.19 ± 53.81   <0.05 2.04 ± 0.90   34 113.97 ± 38.01   2.08 ± 0.87  
4th quartile (324.19–2620.78) 93 111.76 ± 48.34   <0.05 2.18 ± 0.94   47 102.29 ± 45.38   <0.01 2.16 ± 1.04   46 121.44 ± 49.84   2.15 ± 0.85  
  1. a p values are calculated with ANOVA
  2. bPost hoc by Bonferroni test
  3. cValues are presented as arithmetic mean ± standard deviation